all of the questions come from this book:
Religion Today: A Critical Thinking Approach to Religious Studies By Ross Aden
(Chapters 4-7 )
A rationalist interpretation of myth argues that:
Question 1 options:
myths explain the primal origins and operations of the universe and society |
myths are representations of the unconscious |
myths are an exploration of sacred reality that goes beyond our ordinary world |
myths are lies |
Question 2 (1 point)
Introvertive mysticism refers to:
Question 2 options:
directing one’s interest or attention outward to the environment |
the spontaneous religious experience |
directing one’s interest or attention to the self |
the common experiences of the ordinary mind |
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Question 3 (1 point)
The secularization thesis:
Question 3 options:
is a theory that argues religion will never disappear from contemporary society |
is the argument that with the separation of religion from other aspects of society, religion will eventually disappear |
is the theory that more and more religions will be stem from our secular entertainment; for example, Star Wars movies |
is evident in our governments, which are not influenced at all by religion |
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Question 4 (1 point)
Richard Dawkins argues that:
Question 4 options:
all religions are peaceful |
some religions are peaceful while others are violent |
all religions are violent |
all religions are pacifist |
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Question 5 (1 point)
The term, ‘fundamentalism’:
Question 5 options:
is historically associated with Christianity |
is historically associated with Islam |
describes the want to adapt religion to modern society |
describes practitioners who believe in evolution |
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Question 6 (1 point)
A symbol is:
Question 6 options:
the idea that tangible objects disclose some hidden mystery |
a marker, sign, or point that is not necessarily intelligible to outsiders |
something that makes intangible knowledge out of something tangible |
all of the above |
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Question 7 (1 point)
According to Aden, ‘negative rituals’:
Question 7 options:
are a means to dispel evil |
are rituals that cause harm |
are rituals not practiced properly |
separate the sacred from the profane |
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Question 8 (1 point)
‘Disenchantment’ refers to:
Question 8 options:
society’s disgust with the disappearance of religion |
the disappearance of the supernatural from our daily lives |
religious leaders who are upset over lack of membership in this religious organizations |
the popularity of make-believe figures such as Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny |
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Question 9 (1 point)
The ‘scapegoat mechanism involves:
Question 9 options:
the sacrifice of goats in exchange for peace |
the persecution and murder of someone who is helpless |
the protection of the helpless and marginalized |
laws to protect religious freedom |
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Question 10 (1 point)
Dhikr is:
Question 10 options:
body mortifications practiced by holy men |
speaking in tongues |
chanting, singing, and rocking movements in Sufism |
a type of mystical experience in Hinduism |
Question 11 (1 point)
The yin/yang is a:
Question 11 options:
ritual in Buddhism |
Daoist symbol representing balance |
myth about Kwan Yin |
type of hair style |
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Question 12 (1 point)
A cult is:
Question 12 options:
never religious |
a new religious movement |
a dangerous organization |
an established religious organization |
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Question 13 (1 point)
Aden argues that William James’s characterizations of the mystical experience:
Question 13 options:
are very accurate |
are experienced by everyone |
fall short and don’t adequately represent all religious experiences |
is the only way to understand the mystical experience |
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Question 14 (1 point)
According to William James, the mystical experience:
Question 14 options:
is a passive experience that is likened to the receiving of a gift |
is the same across time, space, and cultures |
is only achieved by a select few |
all of the above |
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Question 15 (1 point)
Joseph Campbell argued that:
Question 15 options:
myths don’t exist |
symbols are useless in contemporary times |
a popular structure of myth is the Hero’s Journey |
myth can only be understood in relation to ritual |
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Question 16 (1 point)
Religions of revolution:
Question 16 options:
are religions of resistance which are no longer defensive, but offensive |
represent the majority |
are supported by government |
are found in ‘eastern’ religions only |
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Question 17 (1 point)
The most populated religion in the world is:
Question 17 options:
Hinduism |
Islam |
Christianity |
new religious movements |
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Question 18 (1 point)
The ‘class of civilizations’ refers to:
Question 18 options:
the theory that people’s cultural and religious identities are the source of religious conflict |
exclusivist religious traditions only |
a movie that justifies cosmic wars |
colonialism |
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Question 19 (1 point)
Pacifism refers to:
Question 19 options:
soothers for babies |
the idea that there is no justifiable reason for violence |
the theory that violence is inevitable |
those practice religion along the Pacific ocean |
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Question 20 (1 point)
The Wari:
Question 20 options:
are a sect of Christianity |
used to eat their dead |
are atheists |
cremate their dead |
Question 21 (1 point)
Violent acts are referred to as terrorism when:
Question 21 options:
it instills fear in civilians |
government and society views it as illegitimate |
it involves religions of resistance |
all of the above |
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Question 22 (1 point)
Apocalypticism is:
Question 22 options:
a new religious movement in the United States |
the ritualized practice of violence |
the belief in the end of the world, as marked by the battle between good and evil |
another term for mystical experience |
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Question 23 (1 point)
One can gain access to the mystical experience:
Question 23 options:
through music |
by performing body mortifications |
repetitive movements |
all of the above |
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Question 24 (1 point)
Darshan is:
Question 24 options:
a myth of creation |
seen and being seen by a god or goddess |
a ritual object |
ritual clothing |
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Question 25 (1 point)
The Hero’s Journey:
Question 25 options:
is a myth about superheroes |
is the idea that everyone goes on a religious quest at least once in their lives |
is a structure found in myths around the world |
doesn’t exist |
Save
Question 26 (1 point)
Women’s mystical experiences are:
Question 26 options:
the exact same as men’s |
different from men’s |
not real (women don’t have mystical experiences) |
only found in eastern religions |
Save
Question 27 (1 point)
Rational choice theory:
Question 27 options:
consists of many theories including supply side theory |
argues that religions exist or disappear based on whether they can compete for members |
highlights religious diversity rather than religious monopolies |
all of the above |
Save
Question 28 (1 point)
The Westboro Baptist Church is an example of:
Question 28 options:
an inclusivist religion |
a pluralist religion |
an exclusivist religion |
a pacifist religion |
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Question 29 (1 point)
Third wave globalization refers to:
Question 29 options:
the emergence of new technologies, such as the internet |
the increasing reliance on food distribution around the world |
the migration of people to different nations |
the world stock markets |
Save
Question 30 (1 point)
myths are:
Question 30 options:
false ideas about religion |
symbols ordered in story form |
irrelevant to Christianity |
only found in Hinduism |
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Question 31 (1 point)
The mystical experience can:
Question 31 options:
only be experienced by a follower of religion |
last for years |
be life-changing |
make people do things they don’t want to |
Save
Question 32 (1 point)
Maslow’s “peak experience” refers to:
Question 32 options:
mountain climbing to be closer to nature |
a feeling of timelessness accompanied by feelings of joy, creativity, and inspiration |
the time period when you are still young enough to enjoy life |
sensory pleasure by way of taste, sounds, and sights |
Save
Question 33 (1 point)
The neuroscience of religion studies:
Question 33 options:
whether God is real |
the brain as it relates to religion |
atheist movements |
reactions to stem-cell research by religious practitioners |
Save
Question 34 (1 point)
The multiple conditions theory:
Question 34 options:
takes into account a wide variety of theories to understand religious violence |
combines theories with empirical data to predict religious violence |
may also be used to predict religious violence |
all of the above |
Save
Question 35 (1 point)
Inclusivist religions:
Question 35 options:
accept all religions and religious peoples |
are tolerant of other religions but do not stop violence |
promote violence against people different from themselves |
none of the above |
Save
Question 36 (1 point)
Supply side theory refers to:
Question 36 options:
the idea that people practice more than one religion at the same time |
the idea that the secularization thesis is true |
an emphasis on more ritual and ritual items in religion |
the idea that religion will change but will never go away |
Save
Question 37 (1 point)
Spirit possession is:
Question 37 options:
always a bad thing |
diverse across cultures: it is sometimes viewed as evil and sometimes viewed as good |
always a good thing |
doesn’t exist |
Save
Question 38 (1 point)
A mandala is:
Question 38 options:
a ritual exorcism |
a symbols of the cosmos |
a creation myth |
a mystical experience |
Save
Question 39 (1 point)
Ideological nationalism:
Question 39 options:
is only imagined and never acted upon |
always results in cosmic war |
represents pluralist religions |
makes the political religious |
Save
Question 40 (1 point)
Jediism is:
Question 40 options:
a move sequel to Star Wars |
a personal religion for some |
a religion whose primary deity is Obi Wan Kenobi |
not a religion |
Question 41 (1 point)
The contextualist approach to the mystical experience argues that:
Question 41 options:
the experience is always learned within and from culture |
the experience occurs spontaneously, without reason |
all religious experiences are the same |
religious experiences only happen in Christianity |
Save
Question 42 (1 point)
Ethnic-religious rebellion usually involves:
Question 42 options:
the majority fighting for more power |
the assertion of autonomy by a religious group as culturally and ethnically distinct from the majority |
the view by the majority that the rebellion is legitimate |
none of the above |
Save
Question 43 (1 point)
The religion of the status quo in the United States is:
Question 43 options:
Islam |
Paganism |
Christianity |
atheism |
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Question 44 (1 point)
According to Aden, people cling to religious certainty when:
Question 44 options:
they experience a miracle |
science fails them |
they feel threatened by secularism |
everyone else believes the same thing as they do |
Save
Question 45 (1 point)
A religiously sanctioned war:
Question 45 options:
is usually a war that is considered legitimate by the majority |
includes engagements of hostilities with rival religions |
can appear secular, even if it is not |
all of the above |
Save
Question 46 (1 point)
The river Ganges:
Question 46 options:
is like any other river |
is viewed as sacred in Hinduism, and has healing powers |
represents evil |
is to be avoided at all costs |
Save
Question 47 (1 point)
Perennial Philosophy asserts that:
Question 47 options:
there’s a common core to religious experiences that transcend time, place, and culture |
ideas about religious experiences change from year to year |
no two religious experiences are alike |
everyone experiences a religious experience at least once per year |
Save
Question 48 (1 point)
Self-Chosen Identity refers to:
Question 48 options:
people who stick with the same religion that they grew up with |
a type of identity devoid of religion |
the idea that people will see out a religion that is perhaps different than the one they were raised in |
the declaration of one’s beliefs on the internet |
Save
Question 49 (1 point)
Scholars like Dawkins and Harris argue that religious moderates:
Question 49 options:
help to promote peace |
practice the true religion |
contribute to religious violence |
don’t exist |
Save
Question 50 (1 point)
Some scholars argue that ritual came before myth because:
Question 50 options:
without ritual, there can be no display of the sacred from which belief is created |
rituals have more symbolic meaning than myth |
myths are based on lies |
myths no longer exist but rituals do |
Save
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